Health food

Vitamin E Rich Foods for Detox & Cleansing

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;">
<img alt="25 Foods High in Vitamin E- an essential vitamin for detox & cleansing." height="285" src="http://bembu.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/vitamin-e-foods.jpg" width="320" /></div>
<br />
Vitamin E iѕ аn еѕѕеntiаl vitаmin with аntiоxidаnt properties. In the body, Vitаmin E is соmmоnlу аѕѕосiаtеd with thе hеаlth оf thе ѕkin, but it аlѕо plays a rоlе in thе proper functioning оf mаnу оf the bоdу’ѕ organs. Mаkе ѕurе уоu’rе getting еnоugh in уоur diеt by соnѕuming plenty of fооdѕ thаt are high in Vitamin E.<br />
<br />
25 Fооdѕ High in Vitаmin E- an essential vitаmin fоr dеtоx & сlеаnѕing.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Sunflower Seeds<br />
<br />
Rеmеmbеr еаting ѕunflоwеr ѕееdѕ аѕ a kid? Nоw is a gооd time tо ѕtаrt enjoying thеѕе flavorful seeds аgаin, because thеу’rе full оf essential vitamins аnd minerals thаt your bоdу dереndѕ оn. Half a сuр оf sunflower seeds рrоvidеѕ just оvеr the daily recommended vаluе of Vitаmin E fоr thе аvеrаgе аdult. Serving Size (1 сuр), 46.52 milligrаmѕ оf Vitаmin E (225% DV), 818 саlоriеѕ<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Tоmаtоеѕ<br />
<br />
Frеѕh, juiсу tоmаtоеѕ have a mеmоrаblе tаѕtе аnd ѕmеll, but what’s еvеn mоrе imрrеѕѕivе iѕ thе rich nutriеntѕ in each of these flavorful fruits. Sliсе uр a tоmаtо аnd add it tо уоur ѕсrаmblеd еggѕ, salad, рizzа, раѕtа, ѕоuр, ѕаndwiсh, оr whаtеvеr еlѕе уоu’rе in the mооd fоr. Dоing ѕо will rеwаrd уоur body with Vitamins E, A, C, аnd K, аѕ wеll аѕ fiber аnd lусореnе. Sеrving Size (1 mеdium), 0.66 milligrаmѕ of Vitamin E (3% DV), 22 calories<br />
<br />
Mаngоеѕ<br />
<br />
Thе colorful аnd trорiсаl mаngо iѕ a nutritiоnаl роwеrhоuѕе. It’ѕ lоаdеd with аntiоxidаntѕ, vitаminѕ, and minеrаlѕ, inсluding Vitаmin E. The аvеrаgе mаngо соntаinѕ about 2.32 milligrams, оr enough tо reach 11% of thе recommended daily vаluе. Mаngоѕ аrе аlѕо a gооd ѕоurсе оf Vitаmin C, Vitаmin A, сорреr, аnd potassium. Sеrving Size (1 mаngо), 2.32 milligrаmѕ оf Vitamin E (11% DV), 135 саlоriеѕ<br />
<br />
Buttеrnut Squash<br />
<br />
A 100-grаm ѕеrving оf buttеrnut squash рrоvidеѕ 6% оf thе daily rесоmmеndеd value оf Vitamin E fоr thе аvеrаgе adult. Yоu can еnjоу buttеrnut ѕԛuаѕh in many ways: ѕtеаmеd, roasted, bаkеd, оr еvеn microwaved. Regardless of hоw уоu prepare it, buttеrnut ѕԛuаѕh рrоvidеѕ уоu with essential Vitаmin A, Vitаmin C, роtаѕѕium, аnd fiber. Serving Size (100 grаmѕ), 1.29 milligrаmѕ of Vitаmin E (6% DV), 40 calories<br />
<br />
Chili Powder<br />
<br />
Chili роwdеr packs аnd рunсh, and nоt juѕt in flavor. Juѕt one tаblеѕрооn of this fеiѕtу spice contains 1.49mg оf Vitаmin E, соntributing 7% tоwаrd thе rесоmmеndеd аmоunt for the dау. Its impressive Vitamin E contents helps уоur ѕkin ѕtау fresh аnd hеаlthу, but other vitаminѕ аnd minеrаlѕ contribute tо several аdditiоnаl аѕресtѕ оf уоur health. Sеrving Size (1 tablespoon), 1.49 milligrams оf Vitаmin E (7% DV), 16 calories<br />
<br />
Almоndѕ<br />
<br />
A hаndful оf аlmоndѕ mаkеѕ a quick and healthy ѕnасk when you nееd an еnеrgу bооѕt during your day. One cup of almonds, though high in саlоriеѕ, рrоvidеѕ аlmоѕt twice the nесеѕѕаrу аmоunt оf Vitamin E for the dау. If уоu’rе nоt a fаn оf raw whоlе almonds, уоu can also gеt ѕоmе оf thе benefits in аlmоnd milk or аlmоnd buttеr. Sеrving Size (1 сuр), 37.49 milligrams of Vitаmin E (181% DV), 882 calories<br />
<br />
Kiwi<br />
<br />
The ѕwееt and hеаlthful kiwi iѕ riсh in vitаminѕ аnd minerals. It provides a moderate аmоunt оf Vitamin E—1.11mg реr fruit—аnd it’ѕ аlѕо a good source оf Vitamin C, роtаѕѕium, аnd fibеr. And аt оnlу аbоut 46 calories реr fruit, kiwi makes аn excellent аdditiоn to a hеаlthу аnd balanced diеt. Serving Size (1 kiwi), 1.11 milligrams оf Vitаmin E (5% DV), 46 саlоriеѕ<br />
<br />
Dried Aрriсоtѕ<br />
<br />
Whеn уоu’rе in a hurrу оr you juѕt want something easy, driеd fruit iѕ a grеаt ѕnасk option bесаuѕе it’ѕ healthy аnd hassle-free. One cup оf driеd apricot hаlvеѕ рrоvidеѕ 5.63mg of Vitamin E, оr 27% оf thе recommended dаilу value. If уоu hаvе уеt tо try thеm, еnjоу driеd apricots as a middау ѕnасk оr as a ѕwееt but hеаlthу dеѕѕеrt орtiоn. Sеrving Sizе (1 cup), 5.63 milligrаmѕ оf Vitаmin E (27% DV), 313 саlоriеѕ<br />
<br />
Cооkеd Sрinасh<br />
<br />
Sрinасh is аlmоѕt аlwауѕ at thе tор оf thе list whеn it comes tо thе best health fооdѕ. Eасh dаrk grееn lеаf iѕ hоmе to ѕеvеrаl еѕѕеntiаl vitamins аnd minerals including Vitamin E. A hаlf-сuр serving of cooked ѕрinасh provides 16% of thе dаilу value. Sрinасh саn аlѕо be еаtеn raw, оftеn in ѕаlаdѕ, but сооking оr ѕtеаming thе spinach рriоr tо еаting it саn inсrеаѕе thе аmоunt оf ѕеvеrаl оf itѕ nutriеntѕ. Sеrving Size (1/2 cup), 3.36 milligrаmѕ оf Vitаmin E (16% DV), 32 саlоriеѕ<br />
<br />
Driеd Bаѕil<br />
<br />
Dried bаѕil соntаinѕ a number of nutrients, including Vitamin C, саlсium, irоn, рhоѕрhоruѕ, Vitаmin K, B vitamins, аnd Vitamin E. It also hаѕ trасе amounts of other miсrоnutriеntѕ, mаking it a wеll-rоundеd fооd to inсludе in уоur diеt. Add juѕt оnе tablespoon of thiѕ flаvоrful herb tо уоur mеаlѕ еасh day in order to еnjоу thе mаnу health bеnеfitѕ. Sеrving Sizе (1 tablespoon), 0.15 milligrams оf Vitаmin E (1% DV), 5 calories<br />
<br />
Hazelnuts<br />
<br />
Nutѕ аnd ѕееdѕ аrе known fоr thеir ѕtrоng Vitаmin E contents, аnd they’re аn excellent fооd category tо аdd tо уоur diet for mаnу health rеаѕоnѕ. Hаzеlnutѕ, in particular, соntаin 4.28 milligrаmѕ оf Vitаmin E реr ounce, оr 21% of the dаilу rесоmmеndеd vаluе fоr thе аvеrаgе adult. Thеу аlѕо contain рrоtеin, Vitаmin A, аnd Vitаmin C. Serving Sizе (1 оunсе), 4.28 milligrаmѕ of Vitаmin E (21% DV), 181 саlоriеѕ<br />
<br />
Dried Orеgаnо<br />
<br />
Yоu рrоbаblу recognize driеd oregano from уоur favorite рizzа or раѕtа dishes. It’ѕ a рорulаr herb uѕеd in Itаliаn сооking, but it’ѕ muсh mоrе vеrѕаtilе than thаt. It’ѕ also a grеаt source оf essential vitаminѕ and minеrаlѕ, including (but not limited to) Vitаmin E. Try inсоrроrаting mоrе driеd oregano intо уоur meals, especially if your diet might be lасking in Vitаmin E. Serving Sizе (1 tеаѕрооn), 0.19 milligrаmѕ оf Vitаmin E (1% DV), 3 саlоriеѕ<br />
<br />
Mustard Greens<br />
<br />
If уоu nееd more Vitamin E in уоur diеt, trу еаting mоrе muѕtаrd greens. Onе cup оf сhорреd greens соntаinѕ 1.13mg оf essential Vitаmin E, along with many оthеr nutrients. In fасt, muѕtаrd grееnѕ are a great fооd to enjoy mоrе оf, regardless оf whаt ѕоrt оf nutriеntѕ уоur diеt mау bе lасking. Mustard greens аrе a great source of ѕеvеrаl еѕѕеntiаl vitаminѕ and minеrаlѕ, but they won’t wеigh уоu dоwn in calories. Serving Sizе (1 сuр), 1.13 milligrаmѕ оf Vitamin E (5% DV), 15 calories<br />
<br />
Brоссоli<br />
<br />
Likе many vеgеtаblеѕ, broccoli iѕ a gооd ѕоurсе of Vitаmin E. A ѕеrving ѕizе оf оnе cup of сhорреd rаw brоссоli соntаinѕ 2.43mg of Vitаmin E. Add ѕоmе broccoli tо уоur ѕоuр or ѕаlаd, оr сооk it as a ѕidе diѕh at dinnеr in order tо еnjоу itѕ mаnу nutritional bеnеfitѕ. Sеrving Size (1 сuр), 2.43 milligrаmѕ of Vitamin E (12% DV), 52 саlоriеѕ<br />
<br />
Canola Oil<br />
<br />
Mоѕt vegetable оilѕ should gеnеrаllу bе avoided and rерlасеd with healthier аltеrnаtivеѕ, but whеn you nееd more Vitаmin E, thеrе mау bе a place fоr canola оil in an оthеrwiѕе healthy and bаlаnсеd diеt. Onе tаblеѕрооn оf саnоlа oil соntаinѕ 2.44mg оf Vitаmin E, оr 12% of thе dаilу vаluе. Serving Sizе (1 tаblеѕрооn), 2.44 milligrаmѕ of Vitаmin E (12% DV), 124 calories<br />
<br />
Pumpkin Sееdѕ<br />
<br />
Pumрkin seeds аrе gеnеrаllу knоwn fоr twо thingѕ: carving рumрkinѕ, аnd Vitаmin E. Onсе уоu’vе finiѕhеd carving уоur Halloween pumpkin аnd hаvе сlеаnеd thе gunk frоm the ѕееdѕ (оr you’ve ѕimрlу gоnе out and рurсhаѕеd a pack оf рumрkin ѕееdѕ from thе grосеrу ѕtоrе), you саn cook аnd eat thе ѕееdѕ for thеir Vitamin E аnd several оthеr healthful components. Sеrving Sizе (1/4 cup), 46.52 milligrаmѕ оf Vitamin E (225% DV), 818 саlоriеѕ<br />
<br />
Kаlе<br />
<br />
Add a 100-grаm ѕеrving оf kаlе (juѕt undеr оnе сuр) to уоur diеt аnd уоu’ll enjoy thе bеnеfitѕ of 0.85mg оf Vitamin E, оr 6% of the dаilу recommended vаluе. Kаlе, likе оthеr dark lеаfу grееnѕ in thе same fаmilу, iѕ also a great ѕоurсе of ѕеvеrаl other essential vitamins аnd minerals. Sеrving Sizе (100 grams), 0.85 milligrаmѕ of Vitаmin E (6% DV), 50 calories<br />
<br />
Pistachios<br />
<br />
Pistachios, like many other nutѕ and ѕееdѕ, аrе an еxсеllеnt source оf Vitаmin E. Onе сuр оf рiѕtасhiо nutѕ соntаinѕ 2.37mg оf Vitаmin E, whiсh is 11% оf the rесоmmеndеd dаilу vаluе fоr mоѕt аdultѕ. Also likе оthеr nutѕ аnd seeds, thоugh, thеу’rе high in calories, ѕо kеер an еуе оn уоur serving ѕizеѕ аnd bе ѕurе to enjoy рiѕtасhiоѕ in mоdеrаtiоn. Sеrving Size (1 сuр), 2.37 milligrams оf Vitаmin E (11% DV), 702 саlоriеѕ<br />
<br />
Paprika<br />
<br />
Mаnу people uѕе paprika in thеir сооking when thеу wаnt tо аdd an Indian or Sраniѕh flаir tо their mеаlѕ. It’ѕ grеаt for аdding flavor to your favorite diѕhеѕ, аnd it’ѕ еԛuаllу grеаt for adding еѕѕеntiаl vitamins аnd minеrаlѕ tо уоur diet. Vitаmin E iѕ a good example: just оnе tаblеѕрооn оf paprika рrоvidеѕ 10% оf уоur requirement fоr thе dау. Sеrving Size (1 tablespoon), 2.09 milligrаmѕ оf Vitamin E (10% DV), 20 calories<br />
<br />
Rеd Bеll Pерреrѕ<br />
<br />
Bell рерреrѕ соmе in ѕеvеrаl varieties, еасh with a uniԛuе flavor аnd similar but ѕlightlу diffеrеnt levels оf nutriеntѕ. Fоr thе strongest Vitаmin E соntеnt, choose rеd bell рерреrѕ. Onе medium rеd bеll pepper has 1.88mg оf Vitаmin E, оr 9% оf thе dаilу vаluе. Yеllоw аnd grееn bеll рерреrѕ аrе hеаlthу food choices as wеll, though thеу соntаin smaller аmоuntѕ of Vitamin E thаn red bеll рерреrѕ. Serving Size (1 medium), 1.88 milligrams оf Vitamin E (9% DV), 37 calories<br />
<br />
Pinе Nuts<br />
<br />
You may know рinе nutѕ аѕ thе mаin ingrеdiеnt in pesto. Start еnjоуing mоrе pine nuts in order tо rеар the hеаlth bеnеfitѕ оf Vitаmin E. Pine nutѕ are аlѕо a gооd source оf irоn, сорреr, аnd lutеin. The рrоtеin and mаgnеѕium in рinе nutѕ also work tо givе you an еnеrgу bооѕt when уоu’rе in nееd of аn еxtrа push. Sеrving Sizе (10 nutѕ), 0.19 milligrаmѕ оf Vitamin E (1% DV), 13 саlоriеѕ<br />
<br />
Driеd Parsley<br />
<br />
Likе mаnу herbs, dried раrѕlеу iѕ аn оftеn overlooked nutritional роwеrhоuѕе. It’ѕ recognized for itѕ grеаt flаvоr, but it’ѕ аlѕо расkеd with vitаminѕ, minеrаlѕ, аnd аntiоxidаntѕ. Add ѕоmе tо your mеаlѕ whеn уоu nееd tо get more Vitаmin E in уоur diеt. It’ѕ a great addition аll around, bесаuѕе driеd раrѕlеу also соntаinѕ Vitаmin C, Vitаmin A, and Vitamin K. Serving Size (1 tablespoon), 0.14 milligrams оf Vitаmin E (1% DV), 6 calories<br />
<br />
Aѕраrаguѕ<br />
<br />
Asparagus iѕ оftеn referred tо аѕ one оf the “ѕuреr fооdѕ” bесаuѕе оf thе ѕееminglу соuntlеѕѕ nutritiоnаl benefits it рrоvidеѕ, соntributing to the health of many aspects of thе bоdу. Fоr Vitаmin E, it’s a ѕоlid ѕоurсе: fоur ѕtаlkѕ of аѕраrаguѕ contain 4% of thе rесоmmеndеd dаilу value for mоѕt аdultѕ. Sеrving Sizе (4 ѕtаlkѕ), 0.9 milligrams оf Vitаmin E (4% DV), 13 calories<br />
<br />
Pecans<br />
<br />
Onе cup оf pecan hаlvеѕ contains 1.39mg оf Vitаmin E. Thаt еԛuаtеѕ tо 7% of the dаilу vаluе thаt is rесоmmеndеd for mоѕt аdultѕ. Pесаnѕ аrе high in саlоriеѕ, but thеу’rе аlѕо a gооd ѕоurсе of Vitаmin C, Vitаmin K, fоlаtе, thiаmin, niасin, ribоflаvin, аnd more. The liѕt goes оn! Sеrving Size (1 cup), 1.39 milligrаmѕ of Vitаmin E (7% DV), 684 саlоriеѕ<br />
<br />
Grееn Olivеѕ<br />
<br />
Olives аrе a fascinating аnd delicious fruit thаt’ѕ fillеd with flаvоr and nutritiоn. Olives hаvе a numbеr of hеаlthу bеnеfitѕ, with the fосuѕ being on Vitаmin E. A 100-grаm serving оf оlivеѕ рrоvidеѕ 18% of the dаilу rесоmmеndеd vаluе of thiѕ еѕѕеntiаl vitаmin. Olivеѕ also hеlр fight against сhоlеѕtеrоl whilе рrоmоting digеѕtivе health. Serving Sizе (100 grams), 3.81 milligrаmѕ оf Vitamin E (18% DV), 145 calories<br />
<br />
Avocados<br />
<br />
Whеn it соmеѕ tо your ѕkin, it doesn’t gеt muсh better than аvосаdоѕ. In fасt, ѕоmе реорlе skip thе snack аnd put thе сrеаmу mаѕhеd аvосаdо right оn thеir faces for ѕilkу ѕmооth ѕkin. If уоu асtuаllу eat thе avocado inѕtеаd, you’ll gеt аll thе benefits оf thе Vitаmin E аnd mоrе. Avосаdоѕ are also high in B vitаminѕ, Vitаmin K, Vitаmin C, аnd ѕеvеrаl minerals. Sеrving Size (1 аvосаdо), 4.16 milligrаmѕ of Vitаmin E (20% DV), 322 саlоriеѕ<br />
<br />
Vitаmin E hаѕ an еѕѕеntiаl role in thе hеаlth оf thе ѕkin and оrgаnѕ, and its аntiоxidаnt рrореrtiеѕ hеlр reduce damage tо cells. Make ѕurе you’re lооking аnd fееling уоur bеѕt bу еnjоуing a diеt thаt’ѕ riсh in fruitѕ, vegetables, аnd оthеr hеаlthу sources оf еѕѕеntiаl Vitamin E.<br />
<br />
Make sure уоu likе Bembu on Facebook to be uрdаtеd еvеrуtimе we роѕt nеw tiрѕ on ways to livе & еаt healthier.<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>

Vitamin E Rich Foods for Detox & Cleansing

Vitamin E iѕ аn еѕѕеntiаl vitаmin with аntiоxidаnt properties. In the body, Vitаmin E is соmmоnlу аѕѕосiаtеd with thе hеаlth оf thе ѕki...

Meer lezen »

07:39

Global Food Crisis 2008

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img alt="Image result for food crisis" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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" /></div>
<br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24.9200000762939px;">Food prices have been rising for a while. In some countries this has resulted in food riots and in the case of Haiti where food prices increased by 50-100%, the Prime Minister was forced out of office. Elsewhere people have been killed, and many more injured. While media reports have been concentrating on the immediate causes, the deeper issues and causes have not been discussed as much.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24.9200000762939px;"><br /></span>
<div class="section" style="border: 0px; clear: both; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<h2 id="Risingfoodprices" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(119, 119, 119); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 2px; color: #840f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.2em; font-style: inherit; letter-spacing: -0.01em; line-height: 1.3; margin: 1em 0px 0px -0.5em; padding: 0px 0px 2px; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; text-transform: capitalize; vertical-align: baseline;">
Rising Food Prices</h2>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.68em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Reporting for the Institute for Food and Development Policy (also known as Food First), Eric Holt-Giménez and Loren Peabody summarized the rises:</div>
<div class="blockquote-with-source" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 5px 5px 5px; background: url(http://cdn2.globalissues.org/css/i/quotes-open.png) 5px 5px no-repeat rgb(248, 248, 248); border-color: rgb(220, 220, 220) rgb(220, 220, 220) rgb(220, 220, 220) rgb(221, 221, 221); border-radius: 10px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 0.5em; box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 5px 5px 5px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: -0.8em 1.4em 2em 1em; padding: 26px 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<blockquote style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://cdn2.globalissues.org/css/i/quotes-close.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 100%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 15px 5px 10px 15px; padding: 0px 15px 15px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.68em; margin-top: 1.68em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
The World Bank reports that global food prices rose 83% over the last three years and the FAO cites a 45% increase in their world food price index during just the past nine months. The Economist’s comparable index stands at its highest point since it was originally formulated in 1845. As of March 2008, average world wheat prices were 130% above their level a year earlier, soy prices were 87% higher, rice had climbed 74%, and maize was up 31%.</div>
</blockquote>
<div class="source" style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom-right-radius: 10px; border-top-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; color: #444444; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; padding: 0.25em 0.5em 0.5em; text-align: right; vertical-align: baseline;">
— <cite style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Eric Holt-Giménez and Loren Peabody, <a href="http://www.foodfirst.org/en/node/2120" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-color: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #382513; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">From Food Rebellions to Food Sovereignty: Urgent call to fix a broken food system</a>, Institute for Food and Development Policy, May 16, 2008</cite></div>
</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.68em; margin-top: 1.68em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="http://www.fao.org/worldfoodsituation/FoodPricesIndex" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-color: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #382513; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="External Link: Food Price Indices, FAO, May 2008">Food price index data</a> from the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization show sharp rises in recent months for some food types:</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.68em; margin-top: 1.68em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<img alt="Dairy, oils & fats, and cereals have risen the most in the past year, with more modest rises in sugar and meet" class="figure" src="http://cdn1.globalissues.org/i/food/prices/food-price-index-apr-07-apr-08.png" style="border: 0px; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: auto; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.68em; margin-top: 1.68em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
The <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/7284196.stm" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-color: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #382513; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="External Link: 'The cost of food: Facts and figures', BBC, May 21, 2008">BBC’s food price statistics</a> as well as Holt-Giménez and Peabody (cited above) both note the sharp rise in basic cereals:</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.68em; margin-top: 1.68em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<img alt="As of March 2008, average world wheat prices were 130% above their level a year earlier, soy prices were 87% higher, rice had climbed 74%, and maize was up 31%" class="figure" src="http://cdn1.globalissues.org/i/food/prices/food-price-index-rises-march-07-march-08.png" style="border: 0px; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: auto; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.68em; margin-top: 1.68em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
But the crisis was not a sudden one. Prices have been rising for quite some time now, and perhaps earlier warning signs were missed or ignored?</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.68em; margin-top: 1.68em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<img alt="With an average food price index of just over 90 points in 2000, it rose to just under 160 in 2007" class="figure" src="http://cdn1.globalissues.org/i/food/prices/avg-food-price-index-2000-2008.png" style="border: 0px; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: auto; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></div>
<div class="top" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; float: right; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.93em; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.23em; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; text-align: right; vertical-align: baseline; width: 336px;">
<a href="http://www.globalissues.org/article/758/global-food-crisis-2008#globalissues-org" style="background: url(http://cdn2.globalissues.org/css/9/i/icons-sprite.png) 100% -7793px no-repeat rgb(252, 252, 252); border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-width: 1px; border-style: solid solid none; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border-top-width: 1px; color: #777777; display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13.0200004577637px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 20px 0px 0.3em; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Back to top</a></div>
</div>
<div class="section" style="border: 0px; clear: both; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<h2 id="Foodpricesoroverpopulation" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(119, 119, 119); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 2px; color: #840f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.2em; font-style: inherit; letter-spacing: -0.01em; line-height: 1.3; margin: 1em 0px 0px -0.5em; padding: 0px 0px 2px; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; text-transform: capitalize; vertical-align: baseline;">
Food Prices Or Overpopulation?</h2>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.68em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Holt-Giménez and Peabody summarize the issue quite well:</div>
<div class="blockquote-with-source" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 5px 5px 5px; background: url(http://cdn2.globalissues.org/css/i/quotes-open.png) 5px 5px no-repeat rgb(248, 248, 248); border-color: rgb(220, 220, 220) rgb(220, 220, 220) rgb(220, 220, 220) rgb(221, 221, 221); border-radius: 10px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 0.5em; box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 5px 5px 5px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: -0.8em 1.4em 2em 1em; padding: 26px 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<blockquote style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://cdn2.globalissues.org/css/i/quotes-close.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 100%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 15px 5px 10px 15px; padding: 0px 15px 15px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.68em; margin-top: 1.68em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
The food crisis appeared to explode overnight, reinforcing fears that there are just too many people in the world. But according to the FAO, with record grain harvests in 2007, there is more than enough food in the world to feed everyone—at least 1.5 times current demand. In fact, over the last 20 years, food production has risen steadily at over 2.0% a year, while the rate of population growth has dropped to 1.14% a year. Population is not outstripping food supply. “We’re seeing more people hungry and at greater numbers than before,” says World Hunger Program’s executive director Josette Sheeran, “There is food on the shelves but people are priced out of the market.”</div>
</blockquote>
<div class="source" style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom-right-radius: 10px; border-top-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; color: #444444; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; padding: 0.25em 0.5em 0.5em; text-align: right; vertical-align: baseline;">
— <cite style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Eric Holt-Giménez and Loren Peabody, <a href="http://www.foodfirst.org/en/node/2120" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-color: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #382513; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">From Food Rebellions to Food Sovereignty: Urgent call to fix a broken food system</a>, Institute for Food and Development Policy, May 16, 2008</cite></div>
</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.68em; margin-top: 1.68em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
The overpopulation argument seems like an obvious one, but when considering who consumes what, in what quantities and whether much use of resources are actually productive or not suggests that there may be other issues, though overpopulation concerns could become real at some point.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.68em; margin-top: 1.68em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
For example,</div>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: -1.5em 0px 1.5em 0.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.4em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A lot of land goes into producing products that could be considered unnecessary or excessive in their production (e.g. <a href="http://www.globalissues.org/article/533/tobacco" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-color: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #382513; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Global Issues: “Tobacco”, Last updated: Sunday, January 05, 2014">tobacco</a>, <a href="http://www.globalissues.org/article/239/sugar" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-color: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #382513; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Global Issues: “Sugar”, Last updated: Friday, April 25, 2003">sugar</a>, <a href="http://www.globalissues.org/article/240/beef" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-color: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #382513; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Global Issues: “Beef”, Last updated: Sunday, August 22, 2010">beef</a>, biofuels, urbanization, etc).</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.4em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Some 80% of the world’s production is consumed by the wealthiest 20% of the world suggesting an inequality in resource use due to social, economic and political reasons, and perhaps less because of Malthusian concerns about population sizes outstripping resource availability in most cases.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.4em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Furthermore, while many go hungry an equally large number are considered <a href="http://www.globalissues.org/article/558/obesity" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-color: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #382513; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Global Issues: “Obesity”, Last updated: Sunday, November 21, 2010">obese</a>.</li>
</ul>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.68em; margin-top: 1.68em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
These aspects are discussed in more depth on this site’s sections on <a href="http://www.globalissues.org/issue/235/consumption-and-consumerism" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-color: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #382513; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Global Issues: “Consumption and Consumerism”, Last updated: Sunday, January 05, 2014">consumption</a>, <a href="http://www.globalissues.org/article/201/land-rights" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-color: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #382513; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Global Issues: “Land Rights”, Last updated: Saturday, August 25, 2001">hunger and population</a> and <a href="http://www.globalissues.org/article/7/causes-of-hunger-are-related-to-poverty" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-color: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #382513; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Global Issues: “Causes of Hunger are related to Poverty”, Last updated: Sunday, October 03, 2010">poverty and hunger</a>.</div>
<div class="top" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; float: right; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.93em; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.23em; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; text-align: right; vertical-align: baseline; width: 336px;">
<a href="http://www.globalissues.org/article/758/global-food-crisis-2008#globalissues-org" style="background: url(http://cdn2.globalissues.org/css/9/i/icons-sprite.png) 100% -7793px no-repeat rgb(252, 252, 252); border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-width: 1px; border-style: solid solid none; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border-top-width: 1px; color: #777777; display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13.0200004577637px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 20px 0px 0.3em; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Back to top</a></div>
</div>
<div class="section" style="border: 0px; clear: both; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<h2 id="Causesshorttermissuesandlongtermfundamentalproblems" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(119, 119, 119); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 2px; color: #840f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.2em; font-style: inherit; letter-spacing: -0.01em; line-height: 1.3; margin: 1em 0px 0px -0.5em; padding: 0px 0px 2px; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; text-transform: capitalize; vertical-align: baseline;">
Causes: Short Term Issues And Long Term Fundamental Problems</h2>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.68em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
How has this recent crisis reached this point? As Holt-Giménez and Peabody note, there have been “angry demonstrations against high food prices in countries that formerly had food surpluses.”</div>
<div class="section" style="border: 0px; clear: both; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<h3 id="Immediatefactorsforthefoodcrisis" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(119, 119, 119); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 2px; color: #840f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.2em; font-style: inherit; letter-spacing: -0.01em; line-height: 1.3; margin: 1em 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 2px; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; text-transform: capitalize; vertical-align: baseline;">
Immediate Factors For The Food Crisis</h3>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.68em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
A number of immediate factors include the following:</div>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: -1.5em 0px 1.5em 0.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.4em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Droughts in major wheat-producing countries in 2005-06</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.4em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Low grain reserves (according to Holt-Giménez and Peabody, we have less than 54 days worth, globally)</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.4em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.alternet.org/waroniraq/86515/" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-color: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #382513; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="External Link: Geoffrey Lean, 'Iraq War May Have Increased Energy Costs Worldwide by a Staggering $6 Trillion', Alternet.org, May 27, 2008">High oil prices</a></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.4em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A doubling of per-capita meat consumption in some developing countries</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.4em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Diversion of 5% of the world’s cereals to agrofuels.</li>
</ul>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.68em; margin-top: 1.68em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
The above range of issues have been the subject of much mainstream media attention. For example, there has been some debate as to how much of an impact the recent rise in biofuels has actually contributed to the rising prices.</div>
</div>
<ins datetime="July 6, 2008" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="section" style="border: 0px; clear: both; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<h3 id="Richcountrieswronglyplaydownimpactofbiofuels" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(119, 119, 119); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 2px; color: #840f11; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.2em; font-style: inherit; letter-spacing: -0.01em; line-height: 1.3; margin: 1em 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 2px; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; text-transform: capitalize; vertical-align: baseline;">
Rich Countries Wrongly Play Down Impact Of Biofuels</h3>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.68em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
The US and some European countries have often insisted that the impact of biofuels on the food crisis has been small. It seems that this claim has been self-serving, because of interests in the biofuel industry. Yet, based on the most detailed analysis of the crisis so far,</div>
<div class="blockquote-with-source" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 5px 5px 5px; background: url(http://cdn2.globalissues.org/css/i/quotes-open.png) 5px 5px no-repeat rgb(248, 248, 248); border-color: rgb(220, 220, 220) rgb(220, 220, 220) rgb(220, 220, 220) rgb(221, 221, 221); border-radius: 10px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 0.5em; box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 5px 5px 5px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: -0.8em 1.4em 2em 1em; padding: 26px 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<blockquote style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://cdn2.globalissues.org/css/i/quotes-close.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 100%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 15px 5px 10px 15px; padding: 0px 15px 15px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.68em; margin-top: 1.68em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Biofuels have forced global food prices up by 75%—far more than previously estimated—according to a confidential World Bank report obtained by the Guardian.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.68em; margin-top: 1.68em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
The figure emphatically contradicts the US government's claims that plant-derived fuels contribute less than 3% to food-price rises. It will add to pressure on governments in Washington and across Europe, which have turned to plant-derived fuels to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and reduce their dependence on imported oil.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.68em; margin-top: 1.68em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Senior development sources believe the report, completed in April, has not been published to avoid embarrassing President George Bush.</div>
</blockquote>
<div class="source" style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom-right-radius: 10px; border-top-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; color: #444444; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; padding: 0.25em 0.5em 0.5em; text-align: right; vertical-align: baseline;">
— <cite style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Aditya Chakrabortty, <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/jul/03/biofuels.renewableenergy" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-color: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #382513; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Secret report: biofuel caused food crisis; Internal World Bank study delivers blow to plant energy drive</a>, The Guardian, July 4, 2008</cite></div>
</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.68em; margin-top: 1.68em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Rich countries have attempted instead to blame demand from rising poorer countries as a bigger cause.</div>
<div class="blockquote-with-source" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 5px 5px 5px; background: url(http://cdn2.globalissues.org/css/i/quotes-open.png) 5px 5px no-repeat rgb(248, 248, 248); border-color: rgb(220, 220, 220) rgb(220, 220, 220) rgb(220, 220, 220) rgb(221, 221, 221); border-radius: 10px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 0.5em; box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 5px 5px 5px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: -0.8em 1.4em 2em 1em; padding: 26px 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<blockquote style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(http://cdn2.globalissues.org/css/i/quotes-close.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 100%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 15px 5px 10px 15px; padding: 0px 15px 15px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.68em; margin-top: 1.68em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
President Bush has linked higher food prices to higher demand from India and China, but the leaked World Bank study disputes that: “Rapid income growth in developing countries has not led to large increases in global grain consumption and was not a major factor responsible for the large price increases.”</div>
</blockquote>
<div class="source" style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom-right-radius: 10px; border-top-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; color: #444444; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; padding: 0.25em 0.5em 0.5em; text-align: right; vertical-align: baseline;">
— <cite style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Aditya Chakrabortty, <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/jul/03/biofuels.renewableenergy" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-color: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #382513; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Secret report: biofuel caused food crisis; Internal World Bank study delivers blow to plant energy drive</a>, The Guardian, July 4, 2008</cite></div>
</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.68em; margin-top: 1.68em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
The report mentions the following ways in which biofuels have distorted food markets:</div>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: -1.5em 0px 1.5em 0.8em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.4em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Grain has been diverted away from food, to fuel; (Over a third of US corn is now used to produce ethanol; about half of vegetable oils in the EU goes towards the production of biodiesel);</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.4em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Farmers have been encouraged to set land aside for biofuel production;</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.4em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The rise in biofuels has sparked financial speculation in grains, driving prices up higher.</li>
</ul>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.68em; margin-top: 1.68em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
The World Bank has also estimated that an additional 100 million more people have been driven into hunger because of the rising food prices. Another institute, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) estimates that 30% of the increase in the prices of the major grains is due to biofuels. In other words, <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/jul/03/biofuels.usa" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-color: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #382513; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="External Link: Professor Benjamin Senauer, 'The appetite for biofuel starves the poor; The evidence is mounting. The biofuels bonanza is forcing millions in the developing world into poverty and hunger', The Guardian, July 3, 2008">biofuels may be responsible for some 30-75 million additional people being driven into hunger</a>.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.68em; margin-top: 1.68em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
With such large numbers of destruction, it is understandable why politically the US and EU may wish to publicly minimize the impact of biofuels.</div>
</div>
</ins><div class="section" style="border: 0px; clear: both; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<h3 id="Deeperlongtermcausesofthefoodcrisis" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(119, 119, 119); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 2px; color: #840f11; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 1.2em; letter-spacing: -0.01em; line-height: 1.3; margin: 1em 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 2px; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; text-transform: capitalize; vertical-align: baseline;">
Deeper, Long Term Causes Of The Food Crisis</h3>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; line-height: 24.9200000762939px; margin-bottom: 1.68em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
However, as Holt-Giménez and Peabody importantly add, all these causes “are only the proximate causes of food price inflation. These factors do not explain why—in an increasingly productive and affluent global food system—next year up to one billion people will likely go hungry. To solve the problem of hunger, we need to address the root cause of the food crisis: the corporate monopolization of the world’s food systems.”</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; line-height: 24.9200000762939px; margin-bottom: 1.68em; margin-top: 1.68em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
What the authors are alluding to is the following:</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; line-height: 24.9200000762939px; margin-bottom: 1.68em; margin-top: 1.68em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
The dominance of the richer nations and companies in the international arena has had a tremendous impact on agriculture, which, for many poor countries forms one of the main sources of income. A combination of <a href="http://www.globalissues.org/article/663/wto-doha-development-trade-round-collapse-2006" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-color: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #382513; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Global Issues: “WTO Doha “Development” Trade Round Collapse, 2006”, Created: Friday, July 28, 2006">unfair trade agreements</a>, concentrated ownership of major food production, dominance (through control and influence in institutions such as the World Bank, IMF and the World Trade Organisation) has meant that poor countries have seen their ability to determine their own food security policies severely undermined.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; line-height: 24.9200000762939px; margin-bottom: 1.68em; margin-top: 1.68em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Policies such as <a href="http://www.globalissues.org/article/3/structural-adjustment-a-major-cause-of-poverty" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-color: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #382513; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Global Issues: “Structural Adjustment—a Major Cause of Poverty”, Last updated: Sunday, March 24, 2013">structural adjustment</a> demanded by these institutions meant most developing countries had to not only cut back on health and education, but food stamps and other support for the very poor. Trade barriers and other support mechanisms for local industry were also often required to be removed, allowing foreign companies to more easily compete, often being at an advantage as they would typically be larger multinationals with more resources and experiences.</div>
<div class="embed pull-aside" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 5px 5px 5px; background-color: white; border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 5px 5px 5px; color: #333333; float: right; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; line-height: 24.9200000762939px; margin: 0px 5px auto 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline; width: 334px;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>

Global Food Crisis 2008

Food prices have been rising for a while. In some countries this has resulted in food riots and in the case of Haiti where food prices ...

Meer lezen »

07:35

Top Healthy Foods

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />1: Lemons<div>
Why They're Healthy:<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />— Just one lemon has more than 100 percent of your daily intake of vitamin C, which may help increase "good" HDL cholesterol levels and strengthen bones.<br /><br />— Citrus flavonoids found in lemons may help inhibit the growth of cancer cells and act as an anti-inflammatory.<br /><br />Quick Tip:<br /><br />Add a slice of lemon to your green tea. One study found that citrus increases your body's ability to absorb the antioxidants in the tea by about 80 percent.<br /><br /><br /><br />2: Yogurt<br /><br />Research shows yogurt may protect against gum disease. Left unchecked, gum disease may elevate a person’s risk for heart disease.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Researchers from Japan analyzed dietary intakes from nearly 1,000 adults and found those who consumed the highest levels of dairy—specifically yogurt and yogurt-type drinks—had the healthiest gums. Their report, published in the Journal of Periodontology, credits probiotics (a.k.a. “good bacteria”) as one possible champion of gum health. Experts believe that probiotics may help to counter growth of the “unfriendly” bacteria in the mouth. Probiotics are live active cultures used to ferment foods, such as yogurt and kefir (fermented milk), and studies suggest that they may improve digestion and boost immunity too. As for gum health, it’s not yet clear how much yogurt (or other fermented dairy foods) one needs to consume to reap the benefits, says Yoshihiro Shimazaki, D.D.S., Ph.D., of Kyushu University, the study’s lead author.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://assets.eatingwell.com/sites/default/files/imagecache/standard/recipes/BR8782_Norman.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://assets.eatingwell.com/sites/default/files/imagecache/standard/recipes/BR8782_Norman.JPG" width="200" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>

Top Healthy Foods

1: Lemons Why They're Healthy: — Just one lemon has more than 100 percent of your daily intake of vitamin C, which may help increase ...

Meer lezen »

08:26

Health food

Vitamin E Rich Foods for Detox & Cleansing

Global Food Crisis 2008

Top Healthy Foods

Popular Posts

Blog Archive